Essay about Bipolar Disorder and Zaps Bipolar Experiment

I chose the Zaps Bipolar experiment because my dad has Bipolar disorder. Ive seen first hand how Bipolar disorder intervenes in a persons life and affects their mood. Ive also learned how to recognize the symptoms typical of a manic phase and depressive episode. The purpose of this experiment is just that: to explain the typical symptoms of a manic episode and a depressive episode, and the most salient differences between the two. In addition, the experiment aims to introduce two patients with different mood disorders; one with bipolar disorder, one with depression, in order to identify and contrast the two disorders. I was first introduced to Del, a 55-year-old man diagnosed with a mood disorder. The experiment began with a video of†¦show more content†¦The next part of the experiment was to identify which disorder Del suffered from, which I deduced was Bipolar disorder (as was explained in the intro). It was explained that since Del suffers from both manic and depressive e pisodes, the answer is Bipolar disorder since depression only includes depressive episodes, while Bipolar disorder includes depressive and manic episodes. Next in the experiment, I was given 4 graphs and asked to pick which represented the best schematic representation of both symptoms of manic and depressive episodes and the transition between them. I chose graph four, which represented the episodes by a straight line (the midpoint) and even curves varying between both sections, not in a sudden decline to either plane, but a slower transition. On the next part of the experiment, it was explained that Lithium is typically used to treat bipolar disorder and I was asked to answer why anti-depressants are not typically used to treat bipolar disorder, while they are used to treat depression. Anti-depressants are not typically used because if the patient is having a depressive episode, taking an anti-depressant can lead to a manic phase. Next in the experiment, I was given a schematic r epresentation of Bipolar disorder and asked to manipulate the arrows on the graph to indicate what kind of effect Lithium has on depressive and manic episodes. I manipulated the arrows to move the line to create a straight line between graph

The Classic of Poetry Free Essays

The Classic of Poetry is a collection of old Chinese literature that has been rewritten and renamed into the Book of Songs/Odes. (â€Å"Norton Anthology of World Literature† 812) This collection of poems seemed to become popular around the beginning of Confucianism. Confucianism is the concept of centering one’s life or work on authority figures, family, and friends. We will write a custom essay sample on The Classic of Poetry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The expression of Confucianism is best seen in the work of Tu Fu. Confucianism is wide spread throughout the Classic of Poetry. Confucianism is brought out in the poetry because it focuses on education, political views, and social views. Education in the poetry helped to spread the ideas or moral values and knowledge to the people of China. (â€Å"Norton Anthology of World Literature† 812) Political and social views were also spread because it seemed to give the Chinese people an outlook of their own political system and how the system was used to run the different Chinese dynasties. The Classic of Poetry spread through China like wildfire and was first recognized the most by the Chou society. â€Å"Norton Anthology of World Literature† 812) Confucius wanted the poetry to get a reaction from people and for people to be able to get actual perceptions from reading the poetry. The idea was for the reader to be able to put themselves in the author’s brain as if the reader is physically seeing what the author describes. The Classic of Poetry is compiled of simple poetry it essentially lays out the reality of â€Å"early Chinese Civilization. † (Norton Anthology of World Literature† 813) Also read: Platos Attack on Poetry Different works in the Classic of Poetry truly do seem very simple but when reading between the lines it is easy to find the poem’s true meaning. â€Å"Fishhawk† is an excellent example of poetry that appears to be simple, but in reality it has a deep meaning. â€Å"Fishhawk† is a poem about a female that is watching her husband have an affair with a much younger woman from a distance. The woman is hurt and angered but will stay with her husband until the end of her/his days because that is what is expected. She would not dare to leave her husband even though there is infidelity in the marriage. Stewart) There seems to be an unwritten understanding that marriage in the Chinese culture is sacred even if there is no physical attraction between the husband and wife. Marriage is a sacred bond and one would never enter into divorce. Popol Vuh is a compilation of stories from the â€Å"Quiche people of Guatemala. † (â€Å"Norton Anthology of World Literatureâ⠂¬  3076) Popol Vuh is full of â€Å"mythological narratives and a genealogy of the rulers of the Post-Classic Quiche Maya kingdom of highland Guatemala. (Vopus) The Popol Vuh is made of stories merged together to create an epic and â€Å"may be called novelistic. † (â€Å"Norton Anthology of World Literature† 3076) The Popol Vuh also has comparisons to those in â€Å"The Bible† since it covers creation of the Earth and the living creatures on the earth. â€Å"The Bible† explains how God made the Heavens and the Earths and Popol Vuh explains how gods made the Earth, placed in in the sky, and populated the Earth with living creatures. The comparison between â€Å"The Bible† and Popol Vuh is perhaps the biggest comparison that can be made since there are various similarities. The Bible† covers the great flood and how God was angered by the sins of mankind and He destroyed the Earth and everyone except Noah and his family and the animals on th e ark. Popol Vuh gods were also angered by mankind and sent a flood to destroy them as well. The mythology aspect in the Popol Vuh is perhaps a passed down story from â€Å"The Bible† that is told according to the Quiche people. Clearly there are enough similarities to bring truth to â€Å"The Bible† and the story of creation and the flood. Popol Vuh genealogy is depicted through the family ties. The twins Hunahu and Xbalanque are the main focus of the story’s genealogy. The twins have a family line that is involved throughout the Popol Vuh. Part Three of the Popol Vuh goes back to an earlier time in history when Hun-Hunahpu and Vucub Hunahpu, the father and uncle of the twins, were defeated in the underworld and were buried in the ball court. Hun-Hunahpu and Vucub Hunahpu were great ball players as were the twins Hunahu and Xbalanque. The genealogical connections are that the family as a whole were good ball players and were apparently good at defeating others. There is a family tie there that cannot be broken and is strong bond. The Classic of Poetry and the Popol Vuh are both amazing works of world literature. Each of these works has made its mark on two very different cultures and societies. The Chinese culture is one that is strong and true in morals and knowledge following Confucianism. The Quiche also seemed to be focused on strong morals and religions as a whole. Bibliography Stewart, Summer. † Women: The Hips of Ancient Chinese and Egyptian Cultures. † . N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Jul 2012. lt;http://voices. yahoo. com/women-hips-ancient-chinese-egyptian- cultures-5713174. html. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Second. A. New York: W. W. Norton Company, Inc. , 2002. 812. Print. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Second. C. New York: W. W. Norton Company, Inc. , 2002. 812. Print. Vopus, . â€Å"Popol Vuh – The Sacred Book of The Mayas. † . N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Jul 2012. http://www. vopus. org/e n/gnosis/gnostic-anthropology/popol-vuh-sacred-book-of-the- mayas. html. How to cite The Classic of Poetry, Essay examples

Jimi Hendrix Purple Haze free essay sample

The three piece band that is the Jell Hendrix Experience packed an explosive musical punch with Purple Haze, a track that Is notable for Its profound musical Improvisation. Yet at the same time, the song does retain many supportive qualities that accompany the improvisation, such as a consistent bass groove, and a drum part Welch closely follows a pattern of cyclically as It progresses throughout the song.Its also worth noting that Isms guitar always has that rough, edgy guitar sound to It and that the drums encompass a dry quality In sound both In the drums and cymbals used and the bass has that traditional classic rock sound that chugs along throughout the track. The song itself begins by Jim strumming alternating guitar chords with the drums shortly entering into the mix, followed by the entrance of the bass guitar. The instrumental intro is an enduring one in which all of the instruments mind of jam together in a sense, and this sense of Jam (or groove) is primarily replicated throughout most of the song save for the solos. We will write a custom essay sample on Jimi Hendrix Purple Haze or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soon, the group bridges into the first verse, which is where Jimmys first visualization can be heard, the drums maintain a cyclist feel playing two a bar pattern that concludes with a fill, and the bass remains simple but funky. All of the verses end with a short break, then transition into the next iteration of the verse.After the second verse, the first ministration of soloing is heard on the track as Jim begins to fiddle around with the distortion and feedback of his guitar which culminate to produce a unique aura of sounds. After a short musical interlude in which Jim will occasionally mutter joshs and shahs, the band bridges to the third verse which is then followed by the second solo effort of the song. Isms guitar gets a little bit wilder and the drums become more expressive but the bass remains supportive by playing simple chord progressions.After the solo concludes, the instruments fade out into the musical background signaling the end of the song. The song Is largely driven by the Instrumental sections, with the verses mainly serving as a connector and transitioning piece in the song structure that helps It progress from start to finish. Jim Hendrix Purple Haze ay breathable 2 December 2012 ere three piece band that is the Jim Hendrix Experience packed an explosive musical punch with Purple Haze, a track that is notable for its profound musical improvisation.Yet at the same time, the song does retain many supportive qualities Inch closely follows a pattern of cyclist as it progresses throughout the song. Its also worth noting that Isms guitar always has that rough, edgy guitar sound to it and that the drums encompass a dry quality in sound both in the drums and cymbals kind of Jam together in a sense, and this sense of Jam (or groove) is primarily background signaling the end of the song. The song is largely driven by the transitioning piece in the song structure that helps it progress from start to finish.

Nike an Ethical Issue I Essay Example

Nike an Ethical Issue I Paper Nike an Ethical Issue Nike an Ethical Issue Nike is a company that was created on an agreement and a handshake between two men. That handshake between Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight became the foundation of how Nike does business. Integrity and commitment to the highest ethical standards make up the code of business ethics for Nike. A company like Nike that has a code of ethics and a foundation of how business is conducted should not have any problems with ethical issues as far as the way they do business; however there is an ethical issue in regards to Nike. Ethical Issue Nike has been accused of using child labor in the production of their soccer balls. This ethical issue has taken place in Pakistan. There are laws in Pakistan against child labor and slavery, but the Pakistan government does not take the necessary action to stop it. The United States constitution states that child labor is an illegal and inhumane practice and any United States company found guilty practicing and encouraging it will be prosecuted. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade organization prohibits member nations like the United States, from discriminating against the importation of goods made by children. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike an Ethical Issue I specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nike an Ethical Issue I specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nike an Ethical Issue I specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In essence it seems as if this practice is condoned. One of the reasons the practice of using child labor goes on is the fact that these third world countries are in such dire need and these children are helping in the support of their families. Pakistan has a per-capita income of nineteen thousand dollars per year. This equates that a typical person lives off of five dollars a day. Nike does not launch production directly in Pakistan. It is subcontracted through a local firm, which has to abide by Nike’s international rules and regulations when producing its goods. Nike has the duty to monitor the subcontracted firm. Nike an Ethical Issue Nike also has based its operations in Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and India. It seems as if Nike thrives to operate in such countries due to the low cost labor to make its products. Twelve- year-old girls work in Indonesia sweatshops seventy hours a week making Nike shoes in unhealthy plants. There have been many other claims about the mistreatment of workers of sweatshops in other countries in which Nike has subcontracted. Ethical Perceptions across Cultures. The ethical perceptions across the cultures in regards to child labor come from the various sources. The culture for countries such as Pakistan, in which the earnings of one person goes to feeding ten people, it is very difficult for a low income population to survive. With the population in Pakistan being at one million and is an important center for the production of goods for export to international markets. In 1994 exports brought three hundred eighty five million dollars to the economy of Pakistan. Those exports came largely from the use of child labor producing goods. Therefore that culture is somewhat dependent upon those children that work illegally. Looking at the situation from a culture such as the United States, we view it differently. The economy as bad as it may seem it is nothing of that of other countries. The United States is rich in comparison and does not condone such practices. The idea that Nike using child labor open debate as to what is ethically right. Some would say that Nike is doing a great deed for Pakistan. The parents willingly send their children off to work in a factory to help support them so the argument along with that would be to buy more products that the children produce. This would increase their demand and they would produce more. This would allow them to earn more. It is believed this would give them a chance to rise above poverty level and the benefits would not only pay off for the families of the children, but for the nation as well. The argument to increasing the demand of the products made by child labor would be that it encourages child labor. That in turns encourages more birth rates, which creates more slavery, and sweatshops. Education among children will continue to decline. More and more children will be bought and sold on the black market and the problem would never end. Risk and consequences associated. There are many risk and consequences involved with Nike conducting business utilizing child labor around the world. This places a negative impact on Nike and it goes against what is written in the code of conduct for Nike. This could also cause a decrease in sales and a loss in revenue due to the American public opposing this type of practice in business. Conclusion Nike is a business that was built on good values and ethics. Those same values and ethics are in question in regards to the labor they use in third world countries. This labor comes in the form of children. Children are sent to work in these factories by their parents so they can help support them. These children receive very low wages and the working conditions are substandard. There are laws and regulations that govern these practices but they are not strongly enforced. These countries are very poor and the income that Nike brings to these countries drastically improves their economy. The United States constitution states that child labor is an illegal and inhumane practice and any United States company found guilty practicing and encouraging it will be prosecuted. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade organization prohibits member Nike, an Ethical Issue nations like the United States, from discriminating against the importation of goods made by children. Nike did not directly have these children working in these conditions. They hire subcontracting firms to make their products. Nike is responsible to monitor the subcontracting firms to ensure all business practices are within the rules and regulations set forth. The ethical perception across the cultures varies among the cultures. The third world countries view this as a means of providing for their families and improving the economy of their countries. Others view this act as unethical and criminal. Nike has taken risk in their production of products in which the use of child labor is used. This risk not only cost them their reputation but it prove to be a huge financial loss as well. References Websites www. American. edu/TED/nike. htm www. nikebiz. com

Kristallnacht - The Night of Broken Glass

Kristallnacht - The Night of Broken Glass On November 9, 1938, Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels announced a government-sanctioned reprisal against the Jews. Synagogues were ravaged and then burned. Jewish shop windows were broken. Jews were beaten, raped, arrested, and murdered. Throughout Germany and Austria, the pogrom known as Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) rampaged. The Damage Police and firefighters stood by as synagogues burned and Jews were beaten, only taking action to prevent the spread of fire to non-Jew owned property and to stop looters - upon SS officer Reinhard Heydrichs orders. The pogrom spanned the night of November 9 to 10. During this night 191 synagogues were set on fire. The damage to shop windows was estimated at $4 million U.S. dollars. Ninety-one Jews were murdered while 30,000 Jews were arrested and sent to camps such as Dachau, Sachsenhausen, and Buchenwald. Why Did the Nazis Sanction the Pogrom? By 1938, the Nazis had been in power for five years and were hard at work trying to rid Germany of its Jews, attempting to make Germany Judenfrei (Jew free). Approximately 50,000 of the Jews living within Germany in 1938 were Polish Jews. The Nazis wanted to force the Polish Jews to move back to Poland, but Poland did not want these Jews either. On October 28, 1938, the Gestapo rounded up the Polish Jews within Germany, put them on transports, and then dropped them off on the Polish side of the Poland-Germany border (near Posen). With little food, water, clothing, or shelter in the middle of winter, thousands of these people died. Among these Polish Jews were the parents of seventeen-year-old Hershl Grynszpan. At the time of the transports, Hershl was in France studying. On November 7, 1938, Hershl shot Ernst vom Rath, the third secretary in the German embassy in Paris. Two days later, vom Rath died. The day vom Rath died, Goebbels announced the need for retaliation. What does the word Kristallnacht mean? Kristallnacht is a German word that consists of two parts: Kristall translates to crystal and refers to the look of broken glass and Nacht means night. The accepted English translation is the Night of Broken Glass.

Attack Tree Of Computer Security

Attack Tree Of Computer Security This report is introduces about the possible attack for company and it represent by the attack tree diagram. In the company have six computer and internal server. Each computer is using Microsoft window 7. They are using the DVD to store the backup and the router is default setting. Each employee has the email address. Firstly, I will attack the workstation, try to obtain the password illegally and attack the security such as install virus, Trojan, worm and DOS attack. After that, I will attack the dvd to get the dvd and do some malicious action. Obtain the DVD can through the employee, such as bribe or threaten. Malicious action will install the threats into the DVD and spread to other computer when they are using the backup. Then, we will attack the router which is change the WEP or filter the mac address to cause the computer cannot connect to the network. We also can using threats through the router to install into the system, e.g plashing, pharming, DNS cache poisoning and spoo fing. However, I will attack the server using the internal threats and external threats, such as ask a person to disguise a customer to get the information from company, or ask the temporarily customer to be a spy to do some malicious action. Moreover, attack the email using the security threats like phishing, email spam, virus and spam. Then, obtain the email password from the target. Finally, attack the window 7 using hacking tools to destroy the host file from the system and using physical attack to the system and obtain the important data or change the data to make a big lose for the company. All of these attacks will discuss in this report. Introduction and scope Attack tree helps one to understand security issue better, from the stand point of an attacker. Attack trees are a graphical and mathematical construct used to identify most of the attack that will cause the greatest risk to the defender, determine effective strategies decrease the risk in a acceptable level for the de fender, describe the potential attack between the adversary and the defender, provide a communication mechanism for security analysts, capture what is known and believed about the system and its adversaries, and store the information in a diagram that can be understood for the subsequently defenders. Although it is very hard to identify the entire possible factor that leads to intuition, it is based on the experiences and the ability to extrapolate how the experiences apply on the new situation.  For example, the effectiveness of internet security, network security, banking system security, installation and personnel security may all be modelled using attack trees. The ideal of attack tree is that an equipment, software, process could have vulnerabilities that when successful, they could compromise the entire system. Scope There are six computers and one internal server and each computer encompasses Microsoft Window 7 and Microsoft Office 2007. Each workstation has been patched wi th all updates of March 25, 2010. They are using ADSL 2+ connection. The server and workstation backup is store in a DVD. All the employees have email addresses and there share the document through a D-Link DNS-323 NAS. The router is utilising default settings and consists of a D-Link DSL G604t. Each workstation is utilising Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool.

Character Psychology of the Tale of Genji Essay

Character Psychology of the Tale of Genji - Essay Example The depiction of many relationships in this novel, particularly the relationship between Genji and Fujitsubo parallel several aspects of contemporary psychological theories. The theory of the Oedipus complex puts forward that males are inherently attracted to their mother while harboring a sense of aggression toward their fathers. This tension is palpable in many instances in the novel. A central motivation within the Heian court was for individuals to present a daughter to the Emperor or Heir Apparent in order to attain a higher degree of social status. Thus it was typical for the Emperor to engage in polygamous behavior. This process allowed his prestige to be more readily extended among people within the upper aristocracy (Tyler, 2001, xiii). In addition to the Empress, the Emperor had a number of Consorts and Intimates. A hierarchical structure was established with Empress holding the highest status with the Consorts and Intimates progressively lower in rank respectively. Genji is the protagonist in Shikibu's novel. As the Emperor's son, Genji was born to an Intimate that lost her father and had little political sway in the aristocratic circle (Tyler, 2001, xiii). ... Thus Genji serves the Imperial dominion as a senior government official (Tyler, 2001, xiii). While the novel contains many characters, including the women in Genji's life, the narrative returns to a focus on him. One of the main subjects in this novel is the nature of Genji's intimate connections and while he is involved in a number of relationships, there are recurrent themes that pervade the literature. Genji's mother died soon after childbirth and while he lacked the opportunity to know her well, he heard that Fujitsubo, his father's future Empress closely resembles her. Early in his life, Genji begins to adore her and later he has an intimate liaison with her from which their son will subsequently succeed to the throne (Tyler, 2001, xiv). This adoration for the mother figure of Fujitsubo will influence many aspects of Genji's future relationships. While he has relations with Fujitsubo, the nature of their connection is both discreet and brief. Genji is frustrated at the fact that he cannot attain or possess the embodiment of his desires as Fujitsubo is beyond his reach. Essentially, he attempts to recreate this special love in a young girl, Murasaki, who closely resembles her. Motivated by his desire for the mother figure, he personally grooms Murasaki to fill this role. When she becomes of age to marry, they are wed and she becomes the great love of his life (Tyler, 2001, xiv). Her death has a devastating effect on him. He becomes filled with hate as he cannot or will not accept the fact that he has survived her (Tyler, 2001, p. 761). His desire to live is largely diminished with the death of the mother figure. "Yearning too fondly for a twilight one autumn many years ago, I saw the end come at last in a cruel dream at dawn (Tyler, 2006,

Impact of Wars on Architecture and Design of New Buildings Essay

Impact of Wars on Architecture and Design of New Buildings - Essay Example It is imperative to note that the history of architecture is a rich arena where valuable models exist that exemplify on past failures, as well as instances where new theoretical models would harness so as to come up with a vibrant structure. Take for example, the works of Herscher (2008) and Livesey (2011) take a closer look at architectural structures subjected to military strikes or have been part of collateral damage. In this synthesis, Herscher and Livesey find that structures that were subjected to military bombardment have divergent resistance to the energy of the bombardment. It is admissible that some structures have withstood direct bombardment as shown in the pictures alongside from the works of Livesey and Herscher. The question is whether this has aided strengthening structures, and construction patterns? This remains to be a quagmire in the minds of many scholars (Schwartz, 2012, Livesey, 2011, Teal, 2011). Neo-rationalism provides a modern-day thought pattern that is in line with modern challenges. Schwartz (2012) talks of the emergence of a breed of architects that have malevolent acts ruining the reputation of the architectural body. A research by Schwartz found that a group of architects have fallen into the habit of designing structures that are substandard or having flaws, although minute, yet imminent to create a weakness in the building. A good case in question is that of The Loos Case as highlighted in the works of Schwartz (2012). It is further noted that, considering historical times and comparing.... The question is whether this has aided strengthening structures, and construction patterns? This remains to be a quagmire in the minds of many scholars (Schwartz, 2012, Livesey, 2011, Teal, 2011). Neo-rationalism provides a modern-day thought pattern that is in line with modern challenges. Schwartz (2012) talks of the emergence of a breed of architects that have malevolent acts ruining the reputation of the architectural body. A research by Schwartz found that a group of architects have fallen into the habit of designing structures that are substandard or having flaws, although minute, yet imminent to create a weakness in the building. A good case in question is that of The Loos Case as highlighted in the works of Schwartz (2012). It is further noted that, considering historical times and comparing it with the current time, it is emergent that the current state of affairs shows an increase in crime levels especially crime inclined towards warchitecture (Schwartz, 2012). Teal (2011) a nd Herscher (2008) make good use of visual aspects by communicating more using these pictures of architectural building; thereby surpassing the information contained in writing. Apparently, it is emergent that utilization of pictures in their work makes the work not only attractive but distinctive to the effect that it propagates information detailing aspects on architecture easily missed in the wording of literature. For example, the works of Teal (2011) highlight the making of a simple to complex structure that makes it possible to see divergent parts of the structure that makes it strong. In the works of Teal, it is amusing to note that, modern structures are fashioned in such a manner that it is made simple,

Proposing an Hris System Essay Example for Free

Proposing an Hris System Essay Planning the future of the organization will require training, and mentoring from key employees. The current Human Resource Information System does not support the information that is required to complete the project. Management is proposing to implement a new Human Resource Information System. Human Resource Information System is a computerized system designed to bring together information for strategic planning, operational, and, administrative. The most time spent in Human Resource is administrative management. Human Resource Information System is designed to improve efficiency and assist with streamlining paperwork. There are five major categories in a business that the Human Resource Information System supports. Labor relations in the HRIS will support Union negotiation, employee information, and auditing records. Human Resource Planning and Analysis supports organizational charts, attendance analysis, job description tracking, staffing, recruiting, and turnover analysis. Compensation and benefits, wages, benefits, vacation, and pay structures. Compliance regulations are also supported by HRIS; Equal Opportunity Employment, workforce utilization, and applicant tracking. Safety and training development are also supported by the HRIS software. HRIS software is available by many different software companies; the following are just a few HRIS software that are available. Bamboo Human Resource Software, Employee Connect Software, Human Resources Microsystems, J. D. Edwards Enterprise One, and Employee Connect. The software must be compatible with the organizations current job-costing system and will require the reports to coincide. This will need to be a customized feature and will require a tailored software. The software listed above is available to as is and will not support our job cost software. Management would like to implement a new Human Resource Information System before the new fiscal year. The new fiscal year begins in April 2013. The first process will be posting a Request for pricing from multiple pre-qualified Human Resource Information System Software companies. The schedule will only allow a maximum of one month to select a final vendor to begin the process of tailoring the software. The concerns that management have are some of the organizational factors, such as labor force, company budgets, bad planning, and competition. Labor force is down due to budget cuts and the transition to new software will require overtime and possibly hiring temporary help for data entry. The current company budget does not have the profit to support a substantial increase in additional labor. The planning schedule for a new Human Resource Information System will need to be monitored closely. Management is concerned about the possibility of going over schedule and increasing the labor cost more than more than what is in the budget. Management has come up with a budget of forty-five thousand dollars. This budget includes the cost of software, labor force, and new equipment to support the new Human Resource Information System. The return on investment for the new software and equipment that management hopes for will be worth more than the cost. The benefits of having a Human Resource Information System that produces reports for compensation, time off, and labor needs. The new Human Resource Information System will also give our organization the ability to be competitive in capturing labor trends and needs. Planning for the future of the organization will also be a huge benefit factor. The time and cost that will be saved over time will pay for the upgrade in less than two years. When the system is up and running management foresees that four full-time positions will need to be eliminated due to the efficiency and lack of work for the four workers. References Chauhan, A. , Sharma, S. , amp; Tyagi, T. (2011). Role of HRIS in Improving Modern HR Operations. Review Of Management, 1(2), 58-70.

Soft Money in Economics :: essays papers

Soft Money in Economics With each election cycle rolling around every 4 years, the various political parties, especially the Republican and Democratic parties, are setting new records for campaign contributions and raising higher and higher amounts of money toward their goals. It seems elected officials spend more and more time on fundraising and less time on working for the people they are sworn to serve! Now what is wrong with that picture? Does the phrase "We have the best government money can buy," mean what it says? If it did, our nation would be in serious trouble. Only  ¼ of 1% of the people give 80% of all campaign contributions. These special interest groups and wealthy individuals are controlling the people's government. Whether the issues are concerned over the military, education, Medicare, or Middle East issues, individuals like you and me have little or no say in what should be done to correct the situation. Soft money and the whole campaign finance reform issue is a very big concern to our economy. Yes it does have a more political stance then an economic stance but it will affect the regular hard working families of our nation. Have you ever taken the time to actually read the U.S. tax codes? If not, you are very lucky. It's a huge mess and hardly readable, but there is a reason why you can't read it. Former Sen. Wyche Fowler (D-Georgia) once said, " [E]very single interest that comes to you has got a special private interest where they are seeking to get subsidized, through the tax code†¦" Tax bills are a good place to hide those special legislative favors congressmen and women receive when they are elected. With the money donated from insurance industries, health professionals, and law firms and a huge amount of special interest groups, the resulting factor ends up being a tax system skewed toward big-money interests. How will this affect your standard of living? Well†¦lets look at the something everyone has problems with and that is oil and gas prices. The gas industry is a very generous industry for politicians and in turn very prosperous in reaping the benefits. In the '98 election cycle, ga s companies gave over $22 million in soft money contributions. This huge contribution gave gas companies a long list of tax breaks created by a Congress that is supposed to be the best money can buy.

Lessons Learned from Fall of Karna Essay

Karna is one of the central characters in the epic Mahabharata, from ancient India. He was the King of Anga. Karna was one of the greatest warriors whose martial exploits are recorded in the Mahabharata, an admiration expressed by Krishna and Bhishma within the body of this work. Karna was the son of Surya and Kunti. He was born to Kunti before her marriage with Pandu. Karna was the closest friend of Duryodhana and fought on his behalf against the Pandavas in the famous Kurukshetra war. Karna fought against misfortune throughout his life and kept his word under all circumstances. Many admire him for his courage and generosity. It is believed that Karna founded the city of Karnal. Many believe that he was the greatest warrior of Mahabharata since he was only able to be defeated by Arjuna along with a combination of three curses, Indra’s efforts and Kunti’s request. Karna’s father was the solar deity Surya and his mother’s name was Kunti. Karna was born before his mother’s marriage to prince Pandu. The story of Karna’s miraculous birth is this: When Kunti was a young woman, a wise though irascible old man, the sage Durvasa, visited her father’s palace, where Kunti served him with utmost care for an entire year. Pleased by her service and hospitality, the sage foresaw that Kunti would have difficulty having a child after her marriage to Pandu, and granted her a boon to overcome this difficulty. By this boon she could call upon any god of her choice, and receive a child through him. Out of curiosity, Kunti still being unmarried, she decided to test the power of the mantra and called upon the god Surya. Compelled by the power of this mantra, Surya appeared before her and handed her a son, who was as radiant and powerful as Surya himself. The baby was wearing armour (‘Kavacha’) and a pair of earrings (‘Kundala’). Though Kunti had not physically given birth to the baby, she was unwilling to be accused of being an unmarried mother and so with the help of her maid Dhatri, she placed the baby Karna in a basket and set him afloat on ‘Ashwa’ a tributary of the holy river Ganges, the Ashwanadi, in the hope that he would be taken in by another family. The child Karna was found by Adhiratha, a charioteer of King Dhritarashtra of Hastinapur. Adhiratha and his wife Radha raised the boy as their own son and named him Vasusena. He also came to be known as Radheya, the son of Radha. The name Karna, however, denotes ‘ear’, because Karna was born with divine earrings. The emotional bond between Karna and his foster parents would remain strong throughout his life, filled with love, respect and affection. Karna happily performed his duties as their son, but as he grew up, he became more interested in the art of warfare than in merely being a charioteer like his father Adhirata. Karna met Dronacharya, who was an established teacher in the art of warfare. Dronacharya taught the Kuru princes, but refused to take Karna as his student, since Karna was a son of a charioteer and Dronacharya only taught Kshatriyas, or warriors. After being refused by Dronacharya, Karna sought his brother Shona’s help. But according to Indian culture, to learn an art you must have a guru (teacher), so Karna appointed the sun god as his guru, learned to wield his weapons during the day by gathering information about the various ayudhas (weapons) and practiced with them after sundown. Such was the life ok Karna, valiant, courageous and above all generous. Battle at Kurukshetra forms a vital part of the great epic of Mahabharata which was believed to have continued for eighteen days. The battle dates from 5561 BC to 800 BC and it is based upon the astronomical and literary information from the epic itself. The mythology of the Kurukshetra war is also traced to the Battle of the Ten Kings which is also described in the Rig Veda. As per Aryabhatta, the great mathematician and astronomer of India, the Mahabharata was fought during the year 3137 BC. It was also known as the â€Å"Battle for Dharma†. In this battle at Kurukshetra two families, the Pandavas and the Kurus fought for kingship and the supportive kings took part in the Great War and war ended with the victory of the Pandavas. Karna was the great tragic hero of the Mahabharata. He was a brave and expert warrior, who was first son of Kunti and thus the half-brothers of Pandavas. Duryodhana was his friend and appointed him as a King of Anga. But legend exceeds far more his role of just being a King. Karna also fought the great Battle of Kurukshetra for the Kaurvas. Karna fought the great battle of Kurukshetra with a great courage and grace. But he entered the battlefield only at the eleventh day as he felt insulted because Bhishma, the chief in commander of Kaurava’s side assigned Karna with a less important position. Bhishma knew that Karna was Kunti’s son and he did not want that brother’s fight among themselves. For that reason he wanted to put Karna away of battlefield. On the thirteenth day of battle, Dronacharya organized ‘Chakravyuha’, a specific arrangement of the army. Only Arjun and Krishna knew how to invade ‘vyuha’but they were purposefully taken to another side of battlefield. Arjuna’s son Abhimanyu knew how to go inside the Vyuha. He entered there alone and was killed by seven warriors, among which Karna was also present. On the nightfall of fourteenth day, Bheema’s son Ghatotkacha started killing the Kaurava army in a mass. Duryodhana requested Karna to stop him and Karna employed the Shakti weapon on him. After being used once, Shakti returned to its real owner, Indra. Now Karna did not have any divine weapon to kill Arjuna while Arjuna had a wider range of divine weaponry. However Karna knew that he must face Arjuna in the battle and one of them would certainly die. On the fifteenth day of the war, Dronacharya, the gurus of Pandavas and Kauravas died in the battle and Karna was appointed as commander-in-chief of Kaurava’s side. Karna had individual confrontation with all the Pandavas, except Arjuna and he defeated all of them but did not kill anybody as he promised to Kunti. On the seventeenth day of battle, Arjuna and Karna finally confronted. The two of them were greatest among all the warriors. Karna had a bow gifted by Parashurama known as Vijaya (Pinakin). On Duryodhana’s request, Shalya who was the maternal uncle of Pandavas became the charioteer of Karna. Karna did not have the Shakti weapon with him anymore. The battle was indeed an intense display of amazing archery, valor and courage. Since Karna had no divine weapon, he devised an intelligent strategy to defeat Arjuna, which was entirely based on his personal ability. Karna set naga-astram on Arjuna targeting his head. Krishna, being the charioteer of Arjuna, plunged the chariot in the earth to save Arjuna. The fierce arrow thus hits Arjuna’s only saving his life. During this severe combat, Karna’s chariot wheel got stuck in loose soil as per the curse on Karna given by the Brahmin, Karna asked Shalya to get down and take the wheel out of the mud but Shalya refused. Then Karna got down by himself to take out the chariot and asked Arjuna for a recess in the battle. Arjuna agreed but Krishna reminded him Karna’s merciless nature while killing his son Abhimanyu. Karna was not able to lift the chariot wheel nor could he recall how to use the ‘Brahmastra’ as per the curse of Parashurama. In the meanwhile Arjuna administered the terrible weapon ‘Anjalika’ on Karna and beheaded the great warrior. After Karna’s death Kunti revealed the secret of Karna’s birth to her sons. Pandava grieved Karna’s death. Yudhisthira was especially stirred at this incident. He cursed all women that henceforth they would not be able to keep a secret. Karna was the tragic hero of epic Mahabharata. He was a brave hero and courageous spirit who fought against his destiny all his life. His death was also tragic though full of courage, valor and honor that took him to rise to immortality beyond the moral death. Karna was famous for his generosity and an example of a futile life in spite of having all the good qualities. Karna’s character in the Mahabharata is one that has fascinated everyone. His story is one of the saddest, since he was ill-fated ever since his birth. There are valid reasons, though, for all of his actions and their repercussions. Karna, though born a prince, was brought up by a poor father and this led to a refusal for teaching by Dronacharya, the teacher of princes. Karna eventually approached Parashurama who taught him the usage of Brahmastra but also cursed him for killing his cow. This curse led to Karna’s downfall, as explained here: Once in the ashram of Parashurama, Karna fired an arrow aimlessly and a cow belonging to a Brahmin died. The Brahmin cursed him saying â€Å"Let the wheel of your chariot get stuck in the mud and at that very instant let someone kill you. This is your punishment for killing an innocent cow†. Aimless actions almost always have unwanted consequences and this seemingly harmless action cost Karna heavily, as this is exactly how he was killed in the battle of Kurukshetra. Indra (the king of Gods), father of Arjuna did not want Karna to become more powerful and hence ensured that Parashurama found out that his disciple was not a Brahmin. At that instanct, Parashurama cursed Karna, a Kshatriya, for lying and said, â€Å"When you are fighting with an enemy and the enemy is about to kill you, you will forget everything you learnt from me†. At the battle of Kurukshetra, at a crucial moment, Karna forgot the holy incantations required to fight Arjuna and this led to his defeat. Duryodhana had become a good friend of Karna, made him a prince and hence Karna joined the Kauravas. Along with Duryodhana, he developed hatredness towards Arjuna and all the other Pandavas,unaware that they were his brothers. Indra soon devised a plan to get hold of the earrings and the divine armor of Karna, which would protect him at all times. Suryadeva, Karna’s father, advised him to not give his armor and earrings to anyone. But when Indra pretended to be an ordinary Brahmin and asked for the armor and earrings, Karna gave them away as he had immense respect for Brahmins and was a kind man. This left him very vulnerable in the battle field. After the Kurukshetra war was declared, Kunti approached Karna, hoping to make him change sides. She accepted him as her son and asked him not to wage a war against his own brothers. But Karna refused, saying he would not fight any of her sons except for Arjuna. He said he was highly indebted to Duryodhana and it was time for him to show loyalty and gratitude to his dear friend. Such intense loyalty and ethics are traits of a good man, but Karna failed to see the difference between the right and wrong. Apart from the humiliation of Draupadi, which Karna did with the Kauravas, his other biggest mistake was killing Arjuna’s son Abhimanyu, by unfair means and in a way that was against the fair code of war. He was compelled by his loyalty to Duryodhana but going against what is right is not justifiable. Thus Karna and Arjuna got involved in an intense fight. Karna first used the Sarpastra, an arrow which is shaped like a snake, aiming it at Arjuna’s throat but Lord Krishna, Arjuna’s charioteer, managed to save Arjuana. Though the arrow flew back to Karna and asked him to use it again, Karna refused to do so as he promised his mother that he would never use the same weapon twice. Karna was always a man of his word and this again is the trait of a highly righteous person. But his failure to judge the consequences of such promises led him into trouble.

History Important Terms Essay

Bacon’s Rebellion-1676 – Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness. John Winthrop-He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president. He believed in the creation of a City on a Hill and that they would be an example to the world. Separatists- Non-separatists (which included the Puritans) believed that the Church of England could be purified through reforms. Separatists (which included the Pilgrims) believed that the Church of England could not be reformed and that it was corrupt so started their own congregations. Roger Williams-Rhode Island. He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom. He was an antinomian. He was exiled from Massachusetts because of his beliefs. He believed you couldn’t take land from Native Americans because they could be saved, Anglican Church is too corrupt, separation of church and state and religious toleration, you don’t have to listen to the bible or minister if you are already predetermined. Founder of Rhode Island. Anne Hutchinson-She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomians) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639. She allied with merchants. Said the bible was wrong. â€Å"Visible saints†- – people who were godly Christians and who went to heaven when they died. Puritans believed that they were the saints of the world. Half-Way Covenant- The Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn’t achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs. Dominion of New England- 1686 – The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros. An example that Britain was beginning to lose control of New England. Penn’s â€Å"Holy Experiment’- William Penn’s term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all. He was a Quaker. He was most likely gay so he wasn’t accepted by puritans but in Pennsylvania he could be free and safe because they believed that they are the same as everyone else. Nathaniel Bacon- Virginian planter who organized a militia of 500, attacked and killed Indians because some tribes caused planters problems. Then he marched the militia into Jamestown and burned it. House of Burgesses-1619 – The Virginia House of Burgesses formed the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses. Indentured servants- People who could not afford passage to the colonies could become indentured servants. Another person would pay their passage, and in exchange, the indentured servant would serve that person for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free. Headright- Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists â€Å"middle passage† – passage from the African west coast to the West Indies Enlightenment-A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700’s and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method. Writers of the enlightenment tended to focus on government, ethics, and science, rather than on imagination, emotions, or religion. Many members of the Enlightenment rejected traditional religious beliefs in favor of Deism, which holds that the world is run by natural laws without the direct intervention of God. It is believed that it influenced the American Revolution. Great Awakening- Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. The Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies. It believed in individualism and New Birth. Believed to influence American Revolution. George Whitefield- George Whitefield, an Anglican minister, led numerous revivals and preached a theology â€Å"scaled down to the comprehension of twelve-year-olds.† While not denying the doctrine of predestination, he preached a God responsive to good intentions. He believed in the concept of New Birth. Jonathan Edwards- Jonathan Edwards was the most famous native-born revivalist. In 1727 he â€Å"inherited† his grandfather’s pulpit in Northampton, Massachusetts, and dramatized hell’s fire and brimstone from the pulpit. Eventually in 1749 his parishioners voted to dismiss him. By the 1750s, the Great Awakening, the first truly national event in American history, had run its course. Although it had caused divisions, it also fostered religious toleration. His most famous work is â€Å"Sinners†. He believed one could become morally perfect. Mercantilism-Navigation Acts- the most important legislature that Britain passed on colonies. Says that all goods shipped on vessels built in UK, Raw material to UK only in UK ships, no manufacturing in colonies, 75% UK crews, all goods to other countries stop in UK for unloading. Congregationalism- Puritan system. Says that church is center of town and the meeting house. Congregation elects minister. Pilgrims – Mayflower Compact- 1620 – The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. It said that all people must adhere to majority rule, allegiance to king and church is the center of their town. Triangle Trade- The backbone of New England’s economy during the colonial period. Ships from New England sailed first to Africa, exchanging New England rum for slaves. The slaves were shipped from Africa to the Caribbean (this was known as the Middle Passage, when many slaves died on the ships). In the Caribbean, the slaves were traded for sugar and molasses. Then the ships returned to New England, where the molasses were used to make rum. Great Migration- Many Puritans emigrated from England to America in the 1630s and 1640s. During this time, the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to ten times its earlier population. King Philip’s War- 1675 – A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. Covenant of Grace- Puritan teachings emphasized the biblical covenants: God’s covenants with Adam and with Noah, the covenant of grace between God and man through Christ. John Smith-Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. Virginia Company-Virginia was formed by the Virginia Company as a profit-earning venture. Starvation was the major problem; about 90% of the colonists died the first year, many of the survivors left, and the company had trouble attracting new colonists. They offered private land ownership in the colony to attract settlers, but the Virginia Company eventually went bankrupt and the colony went to the crown. Virginia did not become a successful colony until the colonists started raising and exporting tobacco. William Berkeley- the royal governor, Sir William Berkeley of Virginia. He was forced by Bacon to legitimize his power in order to take control of Jamestown and fight against Indians. â€Å"seasoning time†- period of time when new colonists became accustomed to the weather and hygiene conditions in the colony Toleration Act of 1649- 1649 – Ordered by Lord Baltimore after a Protestant was made governor of Maryland at the demand of the colony’s large Protestant population. The act guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians. Maryland was unique in that it became a refuge for Catholic immigrants, and although Catholics were a minority in Maryland their rights were protected Jacob Leisler- In New York in 1689, Jacob Leisler seized control of the government for two years before being sent to the gallows. But for two decades struggles continued between those who shared Leisler’s dislike of English rule and those who had opposed his takeover. He took control of New York. He was arrested for denying English troops to enter key forts. He arrested many new Yorkers for questioning his authority. John Peter Zenger- Another political problem occurred when Governor William Cosby made a claim for back salary and was opposed by forces led by Lewis Morris. Morrisites established a weekly journal which was eventually closed down and which led to the trial for seditious libel of its editor, John Peter Zenger. Deism- The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life. Albany Plan of Union- During the French and Indian War, Franklin wrote this proposal for a unified colonial government, which would operate under the authority of the British government. Gives the arousal of William Pitt. The first time the colonies unite. Great War for Empire- increased tensions between France and Britain. France puts up forts around their land. Britain is defeated in Ohio because they have really bad Generals and Native Americans are allied with France, But Irukoy Indians ally with Britain. It is the cause of the first meeting between all 13 colonies. William Pitt was appointed general and helped defeat the French. Regulator Movement- was the attempt to regulate taxes in North Carolina where citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials. While unsuccessful, some historians consider it a catalyst to the American Revolutionary War. Stono Rebellion in NY- the rebellion against slavery in New York. One of the earliest known organized rebellions in the present United States, it was led by native Africans who were Catholic and the rebellion was suppressed. Treaty of Paris (1763)- 1763 the Treaty of Paris ended hostilities and gave England dominance in North America. France is out of New World. North Carolina Regulators- Western frontiersmen who in 1768 rebelled in protest against the high taxes imposed by the Eastern colonial government of North Carolina, and whose organization was crushed by military force by Governor Tryon in 1771. In South Carolina, groups of vigilantes who organized to fight outlaw bands along the Western frontier in 1767-1769, and who disbanded when regular courts were established in those areas. Sugar Act (1764)- The passage of the Sugar Act (1764), which placed tariffs on sugar, coffee, wines, and other imported products, was denounced by the colonists as taxation without representation. Also in 1764, the government in London restricted the printing, although not the use of, paper money in the colonies. â€Å"Salutary neglect†- colonists resorted to smuggling and bribery to bypass Parliamentary regulations. Mercantilistic laws merely steered American economy toward England, and the colonies enjoyed almost continuous prosperity from 1650 until the Revolution. Proclamation of 1763- Proclamation of 1763. No settlers were to cross the Appalachian divide, only licensed traders could do business in that area, and the purchase of Indian land was outlawed. The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain’s new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier. Tea Act 1773- The final crisis in the ongoing conflict over imperial control surfaced in 1773 when Parliament, in attempting to save the corrupt and inefficient British East India Company from bankruptcy, gave the company a monopoly on colonial tea trade. Although this action reduced the price of tea (middlemen were eliminated), Americans regarded it as a sly attempt to trap them into paying the tea tax. In Boston the situation deteriorated as Samuel Adams and other propagandists inflamed the public to a point that on December 16, 1773, the Boston Tea Party occurred. Coercive Acts 1774- All of these names refer to the same acts, passed in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party, and which included the Boston Port Act, which shut down Boston Harbor; the Massachusetts Government Act, which disbanded the Boston Assembly (but it soon reinstated itself); the Quartering Act, which required the colony to provide provisions for British soldiers; and the Administration of Justice Act, which removed the power of colonial courts to arrest royal officers. Albany Plan-Stamp Act Congress 1765- taxed many kinds of printed matter, including newspapers, legal documents, and licenses. Was direct taxing by eng. An intercolonial Stamp Act Congress passed resolutions of protest, and relations were further strained as colonists burned the stamps, boycotted British goods, and the Sons of Liberty resorted to some violence. Parliament responded by repealing the Stamp Act (1766). Writs of Assistance- Search warrants issued by the British government. They allowed officials to search houses and ships for smuggled goods, and to enlist colonials to help them search. The writs could be used anywhere, anytime, as often as desired. The officials did not need to prove that there was reasonable cause to believe that the person subject to the search had committed a crime or might have possession of contraband before getting a writ or searching a house. The writs were protested by the colonies. Declaratory Act 1766- On the same day Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, it passed a Declaratory Act establishing its right to enact any colonial legislation it deemed proper. The Declaratory Act highlighted the degree to which British and Americans had drifted apart on the concepts of representation, constitution, and sovereignty. Townshend Acts 1767- Facing the possibility of a deficit budget, Parliament passed the Townshend Acts (1767) which placed new taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. Colonists immediately began boycotting British imports and influential Americans began questioning the basis of the British colonial system. The spectrum of debate ranged from the moderate views of John Dickinson to the radical opinions of Samuel Adams. Boston Massacre 1770- On March 5, 1770, idlers tossed snowballs at Redcoats guarding the Boston Custom House, and panicking soldiers fired their muskets into the crowd, killing five. Although radicals like Samuel Adams played up the incident, cooler heads prevailed and a post-massacre truce settled over British America. Circular Letter- a letter sent by Sam Adams to colonies that says taxing is unconstitutional. Virtual – Actual Representation- Virtual representation means that a representative is not elected by his constituents, but he resembles them in his political beliefs and goals. Actual representation mean that a representative is elected by his constituents. The colonies only had virtual representation in the British government. 1st-2nd Continental Congress- The First Continental Congress met to discuss their concerns over Parliament’s dissolutions of the New York (for refusing to pay to quarter troops), Massachusetts (for the Boston Tea Party), and Virginia Assemblies. The First Continental Congress rejected the plan for a unified colonial government, stated grievances against the crown called the Declaration of Rights, resolved to prepare militias, and created the Continental Association to enforce a new non-importation agreement through Committees of Vigilence. In response, in February, 1775, Parliament declared the colonies to be in rebellion. It met in 1776 and drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence, which justified the Revolutionary War and declared that the colonies should be independent of Britain. Sam Adams- A Massachusetts politician who was a radical fighter for colonial independence. Helped organize the Sons of Liberty and the Non-Importation Commission, which protested the Townshend Acts, and is believed to have lead the Boston Tea Party. He served in the Continental Congress throughout the Revolution, and served as Governor of Massachusetts from 1794-1797. John Dickenson- Drafted a declaration of colonial rights and grievances, and also wrote the series of â€Å"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania† in 1767 to protest the Townshend Acts. Although an outspoken critic of British policies towards the colonies, Dickinson opposed the Revolution, and, as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776, refused to sign the Declaration of Independence. Sons of Liberty- A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. Unit II Terms Olive Branch Petition- a petition sent by John Dickinson during the Second Continental Congress to George III of Britain to try and reconcile their feuds. It fails to have any effect because by the time the petition arrives in Britain George III knows about Bunker’s Hill and declares Massachusetts in open rebellion so he cuts off all imports to colonies, which will cause major economic problems. Common Sense- a testament written by Tomas Paine to challenge the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. He writes it to try and create a greater awareness that colonist need independence. It is simple and easy to read. Called for colonists to realize their mistreatment and push for independence from England. Attacked King George III and the monarchy itself. As a result, Continental Congress unleashed privateers against British commerce, open American ports, established state governments. Loyalists- colonists that fight for the British during the Revolution. They included Canadian elites in fear of Americans spreading into their land, some native Americans, and were influenced by the Whigs. They wanted to remain loyal to the British king. Yorktown (1781)- The Battle of Yorktown. It is the decisive battle that ends the Revolutionary War. It forced the British to surrender and negotiate some sort of agreement between America. It leads to the Treaty of Paris 1783 which acknowledged the colonies as independent. Thomas Paine- author of Common Sense. He wanted to create more awareness to colonists about what Britain was doing. He wanted to inspire colonists to do something about their independence. Declaration of Independence- the statement adopted on July 4th that declared that the colonies were no longer part of Britain. Sharply separated Loyalists from Patriots and helped to start the American Revolution by allowing England to hear of the colonists disagreements with British authority. Franco-American Alliance-Saratoga (1778)- an alliance formed between France and the United States. France agrees to help America militarily and economically to defeat and weaken Britain. Articles of Confederation (1781)- The first form of federal government. It had limited national power. It requires a unanimous vote from all colonies to ratify a law, donations instead of taxes, inadequate central government. Gave states independence and more power over national government (able to form treaties, control foreign policy, coin money). Its successes were the Land ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance 1787. Peace of Paris (1783)- Treaty between America and Britain. It recognizes America’s independence. It required all British troops to be evacuated as long as loyalists were paid; all land east of Mississippi went to America, fishing rights of grand banks. Saratoga-Yorktown- two important and decisive battles for America. They are both victories for America.   Republican Motherhood- Came from US War of Independence. Concept that women should educate themselves in the principles of liberty, independence, and democracy so as to inculcate the coming generation with these republican values. This was one sign that women were becoming more respected as intellectually capable. Shays’ Rebellion 1786- Daniel Shay (Revolutionary War veteran) gathered farmers and marched to courthouse because of trade issues and taxes, preventing state Supreme Court from meeting. State sent troops to fight them and suppressed them. Shay and his rebellion were arrested. Land Ordinance of 1785 -Provided for surveying western territories into 6 square mile townships before sale at auction. Compromise between south’s sale to individuals and NE’s sale to groups or companies. 1 section for education and schooling. Imposts -Section 8 of the Constitution. Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the US. But all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the US. Annapolis Convention 17855 -states met â€Å"to discuss common problems of commerce†. All talk, no action. Decided not to make any changes due to lack of reps from other states, so Hamilton suggested they meet in Philadelphia to â€Å"fix† the Articles of Confederation. 3/5 Compromise-North argued slaves should be counted for federal taxation. South disagreed but still wanted slaves counted as people to determine number in House of Representatives. Eventually Every slave counted as 3/5 of a person. 1808 Compromise- Allowed the slave trade to continue, but placed a date-certain on its survival. Congress eventually passed a law outlawing the slave trade that became effective on January 1, 1808. Virginia Plan- a political plan that wanted 2 houses; upper and lower. A strong central government and representation that is proportional to population.   New Jersey Plan- a political plan that wanted equal representation in every state regardless of population.   Northwest Ordinance of 1787- Establishes government for West. First governed by governor and 3 judges, then territory with legislature, and then state. Determines process of dividing territory and writing territory constitution. Banded by Ohio & Mississippi Rivers and Great Lakes. Same rights as original 13 states. Prohibited slavery. Great Compromise- Delegates at Great Convention decided to have bicameral legislature: Lower House- House of Representatives dependent on population (Virginia Plan – favored by larger states) and Upper House- Senate, with equal number of representatives per state (2 per state) (New Jersey Plan – small states). All revenue bills begin in house. Any bill that says it will take money will begin in house of representatives because they are closer to the people. The Federalists Papers 1788- by Madison, Jay and Hamilton. To convince voters in Virginia and New York that constitution was worth a chance. Had little impact but finally New York and Virginia supported it. Checks and balances- Phrase to describe the separation of powers/branches of government. By dividing powers between legislature, executive (President), and judiciary, no one branch can be too powerful. Each one can â€Å"check† the other’s actions. Antifederalists -People against federalists in 1787. Disagreed with the Constitution because they believed people’s rights were being taken away without a Bill of Rights. Appealed to â€Å"common man† as they didn’t want an elected aristocracy. Gave in a bit when promised the Bill of Rights, which they wanted because the British constitution is unwritten so no one can claim any rights. Bill of Rights 1791- By Madison (since he wrote the Constitution too). First 10 amendments of Constitution. Added in 1791. Guarantees civil liberties like freedom of speech, free press, and freedom of religion, etc. written to satisfy the needs of states fearful of losing their rights (anti-federalists. Hamilton’s Economic Plans 1792-94- Funding and Assumption. (Funding- funding the national debt. ‘Spend your way out of debt’ by funding the old debt. Government taxes and uses bonds (citizens lend government money) – people who gave money will pay taxes, will want government to succeed so they get their money back.) (Assumption- the central government takes (assumes) all of the state debts.) Funding and assumption later lead to the formation of political parties. Whiskey Rebellion 1795- 1st major challenge to federal authority. Small rebellion that began in Southwestern Pennsylvania in 1794. Challenge to the national governments unjust use of an excise tax on whiskey. Washington crushed the rebellion with excessive force, proving the strength of the national governments power in its military. Shows that constitution is supreme law and that there are severe limits to what people can do to oppose government.

Free Essays on Existential Essentials

What am I doing? Why am I here? What’s the purpose of all this? These are the burning questions that a branch of psychology called existentialism seeks to provide answers to. Existentialism is often seen as a revolt against traditionalist philosophy (History). Existentialism says that the only meaning in life is the one that each individual gives to it; everyone is free to choose their own meanings to their sufferings and that there is no meaning outside of this context, certainly not one sent down from heaven (Ratnaningsih 3). But this one sentence summary, although thorough, still leaves many questions unanswered about existentialism. A proper way to better understand existentialism is through a review of its history by understanding the people that shaped this particular way of thinking, and a discussion of five general themes of existentialism. There is a line of ancestors that gave birth to existentialism in its current form, starting with the work of Soren Kierkega ard, which inspired both Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger, and the post World War II work of Jean-Paul Sartre. Soren Kierkegaard was a strange, captivating, and quite unclassifiable Dane; whose important writings appeared in the 1840’s (Barrett 20). He believed that his own life, his freedom, developed in stages. First was the Aesthetic Stage in which he solely enjoyed himself and his freedom but it turned out to be an illusion. His second stage was the Ethical stage, where he found himself bound by absolute and universal laws, but these laws were just an illusion derived from human requirements, and social standards (Warnock 6). His third stage was faith, he himself was converted to Christianity, this third stage required a belief, a non-rational commitment. The point in time that his self-realization of his existence occurred is documented in The Point of View: So there I sat [at the cafà © in Frederiksberg, Copenhagen] and smoked my cigar until I... Free Essays on Existential Essentials Free Essays on Existential Essentials What am I doing? Why am I here? What’s the purpose of all this? These are the burning questions that a branch of psychology called existentialism seeks to provide answers to. Existentialism is often seen as a revolt against traditionalist philosophy (History). Existentialism says that the only meaning in life is the one that each individual gives to it; everyone is free to choose their own meanings to their sufferings and that there is no meaning outside of this context, certainly not one sent down from heaven (Ratnaningsih 3). But this one sentence summary, although thorough, still leaves many questions unanswered about existentialism. A proper way to better understand existentialism is through a review of its history by understanding the people that shaped this particular way of thinking, and a discussion of five general themes of existentialism. There is a line of ancestors that gave birth to existentialism in its current form, starting with the work of Soren Kierkega ard, which inspired both Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger, and the post World War II work of Jean-Paul Sartre. Soren Kierkegaard was a strange, captivating, and quite unclassifiable Dane; whose important writings appeared in the 1840’s (Barrett 20). He believed that his own life, his freedom, developed in stages. First was the Aesthetic Stage in which he solely enjoyed himself and his freedom but it turned out to be an illusion. His second stage was the Ethical stage, where he found himself bound by absolute and universal laws, but these laws were just an illusion derived from human requirements, and social standards (Warnock 6). His third stage was faith, he himself was converted to Christianity, this third stage required a belief, a non-rational commitment. The point in time that his self-realization of his existence occurred is documented in The Point of View: So there I sat [at the cafà © in Frederiksberg, Copenhagen] and smoked my cigar until I...

Sustainable Business Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sustainable Business Development - Essay Example Oil industry is usually denoted as the most profitable business segment. Refined products in this production procedure is formed after undertaking series of steps such as partial refining, transport, refining, storage and transport, and delivery of final products. The crude oil production is linked with environmental impacts caused at different levels such as water, soil, air and living beings. Pollution is closely knitted with oil production in the form of wastewaters, solid waste, aerosols and gas emissions discharged while refining, transportation, drilling and production procedure. Water contamination mainly results during oil production due to oil spills or cooling water discharges. Refining or production operations results into certain harmful emissions like sulfur, ammonia, nitrogen oxide, fluorine, acid mist, etc. There is even occasional release of alkaline materials and solvents in oil production stage. Solid waste generated though production tends to contaminate surface wa ter and soil (EPA, 2013). Noise pollution is a major issue in such mechanism. Oil production is likely to cause accidents in terms of explosion or fire. In overall context increasing demand for crude oil as a major energy source is enhancing its production rate but as a natural resource it is depleting at a faster rate. As per the statistics given in figure3, the rate of oil consumption has increased over the years. This product do not possessed a long lifecycle and has to be replaced at a rapid rate. Oil drilling results into depletion of natural resource. At the consumption stage huge amount of harmful chemicals and gas is discharged into atmosphere causing air pollution. This even results into global warming along with intensified noise pollution. Living beings are affected to a great extent through discharge of such harmful pollutants. In this study environmental impact caused by crude oil production and consumption is appropriately outlined. There have

Changes and trends in management function, relationship between human Essay

Changes and trends in management function, relationship between human resource and line managers areas where line managers make - Essay Example This means that they direct the work and ensure high employee productivity in their areas of work but do not carry out administrative duties for the employees. These administrative duties include discipline, promotions, demotions, and salary administration among others. The line manager is charged with the responsibility of meeting corporate objectives in his or her field. In the recent past, however, other aspects like risk management, Human resource function and finance have crossed into the line management. Research shows that the human resources in an organisation contribute to almost eighty percent of the organisation’s net value. This means that if human resource is not managed properly, the organisation can undergo a great loss. It is, therefore up to the Human Resource Department to bring out the best in all workers and thus leading to the realization of the set organisational goals. As such, the management of Human resource has recently become every manager’s j ob. This means that the main functions of the HR Department are increasingly being devolved to other Managers, and this is where the relationship between the line manager and the HR department becomes crucial. ... (Handy 1999) The functions of the HR department will include Manpower planning, Job analysis and description, Determination of wages and salaries, the recruitment and selection method for performance appraisals, training and development, Employee welfare and motivation, employee grievances among others. These functions are interrelate the HR function in that they require the participation and feedback from the line managers. The role of the line managers include: 1. Managing the daily running of the line 2. Managing the operational costs of his area of production 3. Providing technical expertise 4. Organising the allocation of work and duties 5. Monitoring the work process 6. Checking and ensuring quality production 7. Dealing with customers and clients 8. Measuring operational performance of the line More recently, these functions have been widened to include: 1. Providing coaching for employees 2. Performance appraisals 3. Handling discipline and employee grievances 4. Participatio n of the line managers in the recruitment and selection function From the fore-mentioned responsibilities, it is evident that the HR department relies so much on the line managers to get things done and get a follow up on the set policy. It is as if the HR department formulates the policies and the line managers implement them. This makes the HR department appear like a ‘big Brother† to the line managers refusing them to do their work properly. Emerging trends and changes in the HR function Training and Internships Norbert (1967) notes that not all employees who go through the recruitment process successfully are best placed to produce quality work in the